PID Simulation B

Simulation B extends the basic temperature-control system by introducing independent actuator and sensor dead times. The controller must therefore act using information and commands that do not take effect immediately, making the closed-loop system more difficult to control.

The simulator highlights one of the most important practical limitations in process control: a controller can only react to what it has already measured. By varying the amount of lag and dead time, the effect of process dynamics on PID tuning, oscillation, and stability can be explored directly.